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Pirates in popular culture
In English-speaking popular culture, the modern pirate stereotype owes its attributes mostly to the imagined tradition of the 18th century Caribbean pirate sailing off the Spanish Main and to such celebrated 20th century depictions as Captain Hook and his crew in the theatrical and film versions of ''Peter Pan'', Robert Newton's portrayal of Long John Silver in the 1950 film of ''Treasure Island'', and various adaptations of the Eastern pirate, ''Sinbad the Sailor''. In these and countless other books, movies, and legends, pirates are portrayed as "swashbucklers" and "plunderers." They are shown on ships, often wearing eyepatches or peg legs, having a parrot perched on their shoulder, and saying phrases like "Arr, matey" and "Avast, me hearty." Pirates have retained their image through pirate-themed tourist attractions, traditional film and toy portrayals of pirates, and the continued performance and reading of books and plays featuring pirates.
==Origins==
The archetypal characteristics of pirates in popular culture largely derive from the Golden Age of Piracy in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, with many examples of pirate fiction being set within this era. Vikings, who were also pirates, took on a distinct and separate archetype in popular culture, dating from the Viking revival.
The first major literary work to popularise the subject of pirates was ''A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates'' (1724) by Captain Charles Johnson,〔(''A general history of the robberies & murders of the most notorious pirates''. By Charles Johnson ) Introduction and commentary by David Cordingly. Conway Maritime Press (2002).〕 It is the prime source for the biographies of many well known pirates of the Golden Age, providing an extensive account of the period.〔 In giving an almost mythical status to the more colourful characters, such as the notorious English pirates Blackbeard and Calico Jack, the book provided the standard account of the lives of many pirates in the Golden Age, and influenced pirate literature of Scottish novelists Robert Louis Stevenson and J. M. Barrie.〔(A general history of the robberies & murders of the most notorious pirates. Page viii )〕 While Johnson's text recounted the lives of many famous pirates from the era, it is likely that he used considerable licence in his accounts of pirate conversations.〔(A general history of the robberies & murders of the most notorious pirates. Intro – Page ix )〕
Stevenson's ''Treasure Island'' (1883) is considered the most influential work of pirate fiction, along with its many film and television adaptations, and introduced or popularised many of the characteristics and cliches now common to the genre. Stevenson identified Johnson's ''General History of the Pyrates'' as one of his major influences, and even borrowed one character's name (Israel Hands) from a list of Blackbeard's crew which appeared in Johnson's book.〔Jason Porterfield, (''Treasure Island and the Pirates of the 18th Century'' ), Rosen, 2004, p. 12.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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